Ultra high frequency oscillator



2, 1949. A. DANZIGER 2,477,581

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR mil-9L Filed June 24, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q I a4 jlIL .41 F'IGJ.

INVENTOR.

ALBERT DANZIGER 47 4a 46 E 72 -ae 7o 76 ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR Filed June 24, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. ALBERT DANZIGE R Patented Aug. 2, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

(Granted under the act amended April 30, 19

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.

This invention relates to oscillators, particularly for the generation of ultrahigh frequency power.

The primary object of the invention is to improve oscillators. A more particular object is to devise a U. H. F. oscillator using standard vacuum tubes of the type having diametrically-opposed pins supporting the anode, and a second pair of diametrically-opposed pins spaced from the first pins for supporting the grid. A further object is to provide a U. H. F. oscillator in which the resonant circuits are for the most part simple pipes or tubing, yet which are adjustable, either to vary frequency, or to obtain optimum power output at a desired frequency. Still another ob ject is to provide such an oscillator in which two tubes are connected in push-pull by circuits which are symmetrical with respect to coordinate axes.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing general objects, and other more specific objects which will hereinafter appear, my invention resides in the oscillator elements and their relation one to the other as hereinafter are more particularly described in the specification and sought to be defined in the claims. companied by drawings in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of an oscillator embodying features of my invention;

Figure 2 is a wiring diagram explanatory of the invention;

Figure 3 illustrates the type of tube e1 ployed in the oscillator of Figure 1; and

Figure 4 is a fragmentary section taken an proximately in the plane of the lin 5-4 of Figure 1.

Referring to the drawing, and more particulai 1y to Figure 3, the tube comprises an envelope it having diametrically opposed pins 54 which support the anode, and another pair of diametically opposed pins l 6, spaced from the pins l 4, for supporting the grid. The cathode has three lead-ins (not shown), which come through the bottom of the tube. Two of these are for heater current supply, while the third is a cathode connection which leads to the midpoint of the filament, the cathode in the present tube being of the oxidecoated filamentary type. It will be understood, however, that the cathode may also be of the indirectly heated type, in which case, the third lead-in is connected to the cathode itself. In

The specification is ac ft of March 3, 1883, as

either case, the two heater lead-ins are connected to a pair of conductors it, while the third lead-in is connected to a tube or pipe l9, through which the conductors l8 may pass.

Referring now to Figure l, I provide two tubes and 22, which are operated in push-pull, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation, with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes. Four pipes 24, 26, 28, and 36 extend in parallel relation from the four pins at one side of the tubes, said pipes formin a continuation of the pins. In the specific structure here disclosed, the ends of the pipes are received in an insulation member 32, preferably made of polystyrene. A shorting bar 34 is slidably carried on anode pipes 2 25, and another shorting bar 36 is slidably car ried on grid pipes 23, 33. These complete an anode to-anode loop and a grid-to-grid loop. Some advantages of this arrangement are the facility with which the loops may be tuned; accurate frequency control; and good frequency stability.

I prefer to make the anode and grid circuits perfectly symmetrical with respect to the transverse as well as the longitudinal axis. For this purpose the opposite anode and grid pins of the tubes are similarly provided with four pipes 25, 27, 29, 3| forming apparent continuations of the pins. These pipes are similarly supported at their outer ends in an insulation plate 33, and are similarly tunable by means of adjustable shorting bars and 31.

Although the oscillator can be held in other positions, it is convenient to speak of the tubes 20 and 22 as being upright with the anode and grid loops extending horizontally therefrom. With that position in mind it may be said that the cathodes are connected by a pair of vertical pipes 44 and 45, forming a cathode to cathode loop which is completed and made adjustable by means of a slidable shorting bar it. The twisted heater leads l8 from each of the tubes come out at the bottom ends of pipes M and 45, and are connected together and to a suitable filament power supply source.

The complete oscillator further includes an output circuit made up of vertical pipes 55 and 52 and an adjustable shortin bar 54. The pipe 59 is offset forwardly at 56 for connection to the left-hand anode pin 58 of tube 28, while pipe 52 is onset rearwardly at for connection to the right-hand anode pin 62 of tube 22. Figure 4 clearly shows the manner in which these pipes are offset forwardly at and rearwardly at St to maintain so far as possible the desired symmetry of the oscillator. Power may be taken from the resulting output circuit by any suitable coupling, here illustrated by a magnetic coupling loop 64 (Figure 1), formed at the end of a trans mission line 65 leading to an antenna or other apparatus using the oscillator power.

The electrical arrangement of the oscillator is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 2. This shows the tubes 20 and 22 with their grids connected by symmetrically opposed loops 28, 3t, 3t, and 29, 3?, 3!. The anodes are connected by symmetrically opposed loops 2%, and iii, 35, 21. The cathodes are connected by a cathode loop i l, 48, ib, the midpoint of which may be grounded as indicated at lil. Grid bias potential is applied by means of a lead i2, preferably connected to the midpoint or nodal point or one of the grid-to-grid loops. in the present case, a bias potential is developed across a bias resistor "54, preferably shunted by distributed or lumped .n

capacitance '76. In addition to the symmetrically opposed anode loops, the anodes are additionally connected by the output circuit, this being indicated in Figure 2 by the loop 58, 5 52. Positive D.-C. potential is applied to the anodes by means of a lead is connected to the midpoint or nodal point on the output loop. A choke 83 may be inserted in the D.-C. power supply. The transmission line 66 (Figure l) is not shown in Fi ure 2.

Reverting to Figure 1, it will be understood that the ground connection (iii in Figure 2) may be made to the metal fitting 82 at the bottom of the cathode pipes ed, 5% that the grid bias connectionfi? in Figure 2) may be made to the center of either of the shorting bars 36 or S? or, if more convenient, to the ends of either pair of pipes at the insulation blocks 32, 33; and that the anode potential connection (it in Figure 2) may be made to the midpoint of the shorting bar or, if more convenient, may be made to the upper ends of the pipes 58, 52 at the top support 84.

The coupling between theplate and grid loops may be varied by changing the diameter of the horizontal pipes. This incidentally changes the resonant frequency of the loops, but that in turn is readily compensated by readjustment of the position of the shorting bars.

The construction of the supporting structure shown in Figure 1 is self-evident from the drawing. Other forms of supporting structure or mounting may be employed, and the oscillator may be disposed in other positions than that shown. Although it is convenient for purposes of description to refer to the pipes as being either horizontal or vertical, it should be understood that this terminology is employed primarily with a view to defining the relative rather than the absolute positions of the pipes.

it is believed that the construction and operation, as well as the advantages of my improved oscillator, will be apparent from the foregoing detailed description.

The example here illustrated is a low power oscillator using tubes known commercially as RCA 8012. However, the same principles may be used with larger tubes having similar electrode supports using diametrically-opposed pins. The oscillator is unusually efilcient, and has the advantage that oscillators of different frequency may be built with one type of tube. The hori- Zontal conductors for the loops are preferably hollow tubes, and are referred to in the claims as pipes, but this terminology is employed primarily for convenience, it being understood that other straight conductors may be employed, and that the claims are intended to be construed as though the term pipe is synonymous with line.

It will therefore be apparent that while I have shown and described my invention in a preferred changes and modifications may be made in the structure disclosed Without departing from the spirit of the invention, as sought to be defined in the following claims:

I claim:

1. An oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes with diametri- Cally-opposed pins supporting the anode, and another pair oi diametricallympposed pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the our pins on one side of the tubes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, shorting bars on the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, and shorting bars on the grid pipes to form symmetrical grid-to-grid loops.

2. [an oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes with diametrically-opposed pins supporting the anode, and another pair of diametrically-opposed pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, four ipes extending in parallel relation from the four pins on one side of the tubes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, and insulation members receiving and supporting the outer ends of the four pipes on each side of the tubes, shorting bars slidably disposed on the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, and shorting bars slidably disposed on. the grid pipes to form symmetrical grid-to-grid loops.

3. An oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes with diametrically-opposed pins supporting the anode, and another pair of diametrically-opposed pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the four pins on one side of the tubes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, shorting bars on the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, shorting bars on the grid pipes to form symmetrical grid-to-grid loops, another pair of pipes connected to the cathodes of the tubes, a shorting bar thereacross to form a cathode to-cathode loop, and another pair of pipes connected to the anode pins, said pipes forming an output circuit for the oscillator.

4. An oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes with diametrically-opposed pins supporting the anode; and another pair of diametrically-opposed pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the four pins on one side of the tubes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, and insulation members receiving and supporting the outer ends of the four pipes on each side of the tubes, shorting bars slidably disposed on the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, shorting bars slidably disposed on the grid pipes to form symmetrical grid-to-grid. loops, another pair of pipes connected to the cathodes of the tubes, a shorting bar thereacross to form an adjustable cathodeto-cathode loop, and another pair of pipes connected to the anode pins, said pipes forming an output circuit for the oscillator.

5. An oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an upright envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes, with diametrically-opposed horizontal pins supporting the anode, and another pair of diametricallyopposed horizontal pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, four straight pipes extending horizontally in parallel relation from the four pins on one side of the tubes, four straight pipes extending horizontally in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, insulation members receiving and supporting the outer ends of the four pipes on each side of the tubes, shorting bars slidably disposed in the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, shorting bars slidably disposed on the grid pipes to form symmetrical grid-to-grid loops, a pair of vertical pipes connected to the cathodes of the tubes, 2. shorting bar thereacross to form an adjustable cathode-to-cathode loop, and another pair of vertical pipes connected to the anode pins, said pipes forming an output circuit for the oscillator.

6. An oscillator comprising a pair of vacuum tubes each including an envelope housing cathode, grid, and anode electrodes with diametrically-opposed pins supporting the anode, and another pair of diametrically-opposed pins spaced from the first pins and supporting the grid, said tubes being disposed in collateral relation with the pins of both tubes in parallel planes, said tubes also having a cathode lead-in and two cathode heater lead-ins, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the four pins on one side of the tubes, four pipes extending in parallel relation from the pins on the other side of the tubes, said pipes forming a continuation of said pins, shorting bars on the plate pipes to form symmetrical plate-to-plate loops, shorting bars on the grid pipes to form symmetrical gridto-grid loops, another pair of pipes connected to the cathode lead-ins, a shorting bar thereacross to form a cathode-to-cathode loop, a pair of cathode heater supply conductors running through each of said cathode pipes, and connected to the cathode heater lead-ins, a grid bias lead connected to one of the grid-to-grid loops, another pair of pipes and shorting bar connecting anode pins and forming an output circuit for the oscillator, and an anode D.-C. potential supply lead connected to said output circuit.

ALBERT DANZIGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,941,542 Dow Jan. 2, 1934 2,052,888 Lindenblad Sept. 1, 1936 2,060,508 Kozanowski Nov. 10, 1936 2,096,459 Kassner Oct. 19, 1937 2,113,340 Evans Apr. 5, 1938 2,173,911 Mathiew Sept. 26, 1939 2,175,710 Usselman et al Oct. 10, 1939 2,253,849 Dow Aug. 26, 1941 2,298,075 Tinus Oct. 6, 1942 2,310,695 Higgins Feb. 9, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 727,322 France Mar. 22, 1932 

